String Theory

String theory is used in quantum physics to explain the nature of things. If you apply String theory in analyzing politics or everyday life, you'll be surprised. What is String Theory by the way?

Think of a guitar string that has been tuned by stretching the string under tension across the guitar. Depending on how the string is plucked and how much tension is in the string, different musical notes will be created by the string. These musical notes could be said to be excitation modes of that guitar string under tension.

In a similar manner, in string theory, the elementary particles we observe in particle accelerators could be thought of as the "musical notes" or excitation modes of elementary strings.

In string theory, as in guitar playing, the string must be stretched under tension in order to become excited. However, the strings in string theory are floating in spacetime, they aren't tied down to a guitar. Nonetheless, they have tension. The string tension in string theory is denoted by the quantity 1/(2 p a'), where a' is pronounced "alpha prime"and is equal to the square of the string length scale.

If string theory is to be a theory of quantum gravity, then the average size of a string should be somewhere near the length scale of quantum gravity, called the Planck length, which is about 10^-33 centimeters, or about a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter. Unfortunately, this means that strings are way too small to see by current or expected particle physics technology (or financing!!) and so string theorists must devise more clever methods to test the theory than just looking for little strings in particle experiments.

String theories are classified according to whether or not the strings are required to be closed loops, and whether or not the particle spectrum includes fermions. In order to include fermions in string theory, there must be a special kind of symmetry called supersymmetry, which means for every boson (particle that transmits a force) there is a corresponding fermion (particle that makes up matter). So supersymmetry relates the particles that transmit forces to the particles that make up matter.

Supersymmetric partners to to currently known particles have not been observed in particle experiments, but theorists believe this is because supersymmetric particles are too massive to be detected at current accelerators. Particle accelerators could be on the verge of finding evidence for high energy supersymmetry in the next decade. Evidence for supersymmetry at high energy would be compelling evidence that string theory was a good mathematical model for Nature at the smallest distance scales.

Now, when we apply string theory, we presume that for every communication or messages we deliver, there is a corresponding fermion to maintain supersymmetry. Meaning, our actions ripple (like when we put a pebble in a clear pond) or when we stretch the string, then we produce various excitation modes.

More on this in later entries....need to run!

Quantum Consciousness

It took me a very long time before writing in this space again. I am currently researching on quantum consciousness. I am also interested in multivariate consciousness, or the possibility that various levels of consciousness exists in different levels of existence, however, linked in one thread or string. Though it can be proven mathematically, it can also be seen in reality.

For example, a community has a multivariate quality. Different and differing consciousness exist in one community. Philosophically, there is no community without one definitive consciousness. In reality though, various levels of consciousness exist in a community. We have the consciousness of the young, the old, the not so old, and so forth. What exist as one consciousness may actually mean "quantum" consciousness.

More on this later....by the way, I have great news to share with you.....

I just got married. Yes, and I married a beautiful, young and fine lady from the North. She's sweet and caring and I am praying to share my entire life with her. I just hope that we share the same consciousness

Giants of Biblical Antiquity

I remember one scene in the epic trilogy “ The Lord of the Rings”, where the main heroes of the film battled giants of enormous sizes. The question is— do giants existed sometime in the history of men?

The bible tells of a time when giants lived among men. In Genesis 6:4, we find that there was a time when the “sons of God” slept with the “daughters of men”. This union between flesh and holy, spiritual beings bore offsprings described as “mighty men which were of old, men of renown”. Why are they men of renown? Because they were of enormous height, “giants in the earth.” And how big are they?

In Amos 2:9, we find that these giants were of the height as the cedars of Lebanon[1] and as “strong as an oak”. (What the prophet was trying to describe was the height of the inhabitants of heaven, which, in the bible was described as “cedars of Lebanon”. What is meant by `strong as an oak’? It means that these giants were hard to kill. They cannot be smitten) They probably have an average height of “six cubits [2]and a span”, which in 1 Samuel 17:4 was written as the height of Goliath, a Philistine from Gath. Their average height, in today’s measurements, could be about 18.5 feet. They were probably clothed in warriors clothes, being described as warriors of old in the bible.

Armaments

Anakims were warriors of old. As warriors, they were equipped with sophisticated weaponry of the time such as a sword, a shield and a spear or staff. (1 Samuel 17:45). The sword probably was the choice weapon, for in battle at the valley of Elah, Goliath had a sword which was made “like no other,” as what David said (1 Sam 21:9). It seems that these giants from Gath where Goliath lived had weaponry like no other they seen before. One example was the spear of the brother of Goliath named Lahmi (1 Chro 20:5) which was described with “staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam”.

And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaareoregim, a Bethlehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam. (2 Samuel 21:19)

The common weight of these spears could be between 300-400 shekels of brass. (2 Samuel 21:16). No other reference can be found in the bible about their physical attributes, except that they have six toes in each foot and six fingers in each hand. (1 Chro. 20:6). Probably, they looked human, but with this anomaly in their hands and feet.

These gigantuan beings caused havoc and violence on the earth, leading God to decide to annihilate all flesh. In the Great flood, these anakins were destroyed along with all flesh (Gen. 7:12). But were they?

Giants after the flood

Apparently after the great flood, these giants called the sons of Anak (Deut 9:2), probably referring to them as the children of a son of God named “Anak” lived, suggesting that the union between the sons of God and the daughters of men continued even after the time of Noah. The last reference to these giants was in the book of Samuel, at the time of David, suggesting that, probably all of these giants were annihilated at that time? Or were they?

The Giants at the wilderness of Paran

Moses and the Israelites encountered the Amalekites, a people of giants in the wilderness of Paran. After getting out of Egypt, the Israelites went to the desolate plains which were populated by cities of the giants. These sons of Anak had a kingdom called the Kingdom of Og in Bashan (Numbers 13:33) located at the city of Ashtaroth and at Edrei (Joshua 12:4). This kingdom extends to all the Palestinian plains, Gilead and Salchah and Edrei. It is said that this kingdom was ruled by a giant king whose height was nine cubits or about 27 feet and about 12 feet (4 cubits) in girth. He allegedly slept in an iron bedstead in Rabbath (Deut 3:10-11). This Bashan formed part of the region of Argob, the land of the giants (Deut 3:13). Moses destroyed this kingdom (Joshua 13:12) from the valley of Hinnom (Joshua 15:8). At the time of Joshua, the Israelites destroyed another land of the giants called Perizzites (Joshua 17:15)

Amorites

These sons of anak were of three kinds. The first kind of giants called themselves Amorites (Deut 1:28). In Amos 2:9, we find a reference to the Amorites where it was said that they have a height “like the height of the cedars and he was as strong as a oak”, referring of course to the Amorites as giants. Before the occupation of the Israelites of Palestine, Amorite territory extended to Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish and Eglon (Joshua 10:5). They were all destroyed (Joshua 9:10).

Some remnants of the Anakims were also destroyed by Joshua’s army. In Joshua 11:21-22, it says that Joshua’s hordes cut off the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, the mountains of Judah, and Israel. However, Joshua was unable to defeat those living in Gaza, Gath and in Ashdod. Hebron, which was called Kirjatharba (the land of the great anakim warrior named Arba) was also spared and given to Caleb, a lieutenant of Joshua (Joshua 14:15)

The Emims and the Zamzummims

In the land of Moab, there lived the Effims who dwelt with the children of Esau in the wilderness (Deut 2:10-11). They were described as “tall and mighty” but possibly different from the anakims in physical forms. It’s not clear whether they were destroyed by God or allowed to live in Moab. They were probably killed when the armies of Joshua routed the Moabites.

Another kind of giant, the Zamzummims, lived in the land being occupied at that time by the Ammonites. They were destroyed by God (Deut. 2:20-21).

The Battle of David with the Four Giants of Gath

After Joshua, the bible narrated four great battles waged by King David. The first of these battles occurred in an undisclosed place, possibly in the territory of the Philistines where Isbhibenob, a son of a giant was killed by Abishai the son of Zeruiah (2 Samuel 21:16-17). This giant nearly killed David with his new sword, but apparently the king lived (2 Samuel 21:16).

Another battle at Gob saw another giant, Saph, killed by Sibbechai the Hushathite (2 Samuel 21:180 in the battle at Gezer (1 Chro 20:4). These battles extended at the heart of Gath, where the armies of David encountered and killed a giant with six fingers and six toes, also born to a giant (verse 20 of 2 Samuel 21). The last battle, again at Gob, saw the death of Lahmi, the brother of Goliath the Gittite, who has a staff “of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam (2 Samuel 21:19, 1 Chro 20:5). It seems that these giants were brothers of Goliath the Gittite and were all born to “the giant in Gath” (2 Samuel 21:22). No reference were given as to the name of this giant who sired these giants in Gath.

Giants in our midst?

Is it possible for these giants to still exist among us? Yes. The bible did not say that they were annihilated altogether.

[1] This reference to “cedars of Lebanon” has a mystical meaning. It refers to the inhabitants of heaven, those who reside in the garden of God, in Eden. In Ezekiel 31:8, we find a description of these cedars “The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.” Likewise in Ezekiel 31:16: “ I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth. “. The average height of a cedar in Lebanon is

[2] Cubit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For the unit of information, see qubit. For the bone, see ulna.

Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples and is among the first recorded units of length. The Cubit is possibly based on the forearm length of an average person, and the Egyptian hieroglyph for the unit shows this symbol. It was employed consistently for measuring products like timber, stone, cords and textiles through Antiquity, the Middle-Ages up to the Early Modern Times. The earliest known cubit is the Egyptian cubit of 28 digits (523/4mm, 20.6"), and other cubit measures, often divided into 24 digits, or 6 palms of 4 digits are known from Antiquity.

Over time, units similar in type to the cubit have measured:

* 6 palms, ~53.3 cm, or 21 inches (1.75 ft)

* 7 palms, ~52.5 cm, or 21 inches (1.75 ft)

* 8 palms, ~60 cm, or 24 inches (2.00 ft)

* 9 palms, ~67.5 cm, or 27 inches (2.25 ft)

From late Antiquity, a Roman cubit of 16 palms, which is about 120 cm, was also used. This length is the measure from a man's hip to the fingers of the outstretched opposite arm. Since the ulna is approximately 1/4 of this length (30 cm or 12 inches), this Roman cubit was considered highly practical for quickly measuring textiles or cords over the elbow.

The English yard could be considered to be a type of cubit, measuring 12 palms, ~90 cm, or 36 inches (3.00 ft). This would be the measure from the middle of a man's body to his fingers, always with outstretched arm. The English Ell is essentially a kind of great cubit of 15 palms, 114 cm, or 45 inches (3.75 ft). Metric cubit, used in some countries, is 1/2 m or 50 cm.

What tipped the balance at creation time?

Technological advances have made it possible for man to understand and explain his origins. Recent scientific discoveries, particularly on the universe and its composition have enabled man to comprehend nature. Man has now the ability to create matter out of light and split matter into its basic components and reveal its mysteries.

Such knowledge we now call `modern science’, we find to be just a validation of knowledge written in antiquity. Concepts such as multiverses in quantum cosmology have existed long before its modern discovery. Modern theories in physics such as anti-matter and the flat universe have been written down in 3,000 year old scripts of the Ancients. A peer into the vastness of space has revealed the existence of millions of worlds which, if we are to read the ancient scriptures, has been written down before we even had the Hubble telescopes and space probes.

Recent discoveries about the Universe we live in

The universe, as we know it, is flat. WMAP experimentations reveal that our universe is a flat one, with a mean energy density equal to the critical density. Its mass density is 9.9 x 10-30 g/cm3, which is equivalent to only 5.9 protons per cubic meter. Of this total density, we now know the breakdown to be:

· 4% Atoms, 23% Cold Dark Matter, 73% Dark Energy. Thus 96% of the energy density in the universe is in a form that has never been directly detected in the laboratory. The actual density of atoms is equivalent to roughly 1 proton per 4 cubic meters.

· Fast moving neutrinos do not play any major role in the evolution of structure in the universe. They would have prevented the early clumping of gas in the universe, delaying the emergence of the first stars, in conflict with the new WMAP data.

· The data places new constraints on the Dark Energy. It seems more like a "cosmological constant" than a negative-pressure energy field called "quintessence". But quintessence is not ruled out.

Until the mid-1990s most cosmologists believed that gravity, created by ordinary matter and invisible dark matter, sculpted the Universe. Then, exploding stars in deep space hinted that a cosmic force was driving the Universe apart. Astronomers dubbed this force dark energy.

In February 2003, the merging of a large-scale galaxy map from the Anglo-Australian 2dF galaxy redshift survey with data on the afterglow of the Big Bang from NASA's WMAP spaceprobe showed strong evidence for dark energy.

The Creation of the Universe

NASA puts the age of the universe at 15 billion years old. The Standard Model, which is the theoretical construct in Quantum cosmology that explains the forces at work in the known universe, says that, in the beginning, there was no matter existing in the first seconds of the Big Bang, only energy. Now, if we are to ask, how did the Big Bang began, there are several theories which tries to explain it. Current research, however shows that the Big Bang probably started in one single singularity, possibly with the creation of light. An MIT experiment confirms that before matter was even created, there was light. More on light as an originator of creation later in this blog.

Quantum physicists say that matter and its mirror-image, antimatter, suddenly conversed into one single space the size of a coin and inflated. Recent experiments in the Slac laboratory in California gave the precise degree of asymmetry between matter and antimatter at a precise measurement known as sine two beta (0.74 plus or minus 0.07). Science has not found the reason why they conversed or where antimatter came from, but from recent theories, like what Stephen Hawking says, every created thing has its mirror-image existing outside the known universe of being. Theoretical Quantum physics say, everything is created “in pairs”.

Science recognizes that in the beginning, matter and antimatter are of equal amounts. Based on the Standard Model and confirmed by experimentations, a slightly higher percentage of regular matter developed— perhaps just one part in a million— for unknown reasons. That was all the edge needed for regular matter to win its longest running battle with antimatter. When matter and antimatter came into contact, they annihilated and only the residual amount of matter was left to form the known universe. This “jerk” happened in an infinitesimal fraction of a second or possibly about 5 billion years ago, says Adam Riess, an Astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. The event stopped the universe from slowing down. Dark energy overwhelmed gravity which started the accelerating expansion of the Universe.

When matter and antimatter came into contact, they annihilated and only the residual amount of matter was left to form the known universe.

Recent discoveries in Charge Parity violations has now confirmed that the asymmetry between matter and antimatter is not enough to create the universe. Something else happened, says physicists that tipped the balance between matter and antimatter.

"Something else happened in addition to CP violation to create the excess of matter that became stars, planets, and living creatures," said Hassan Jawahery of the University of Maryland.

What this “something else” that happened? What tipped the balance, so to speak? And why is anti-matter annihilates when in contact with matter?

So after the big bang, matter was still relatively dense in the Universe and therefore gravity braked expansion. But as galaxies moved farther apart, dark energy began to exert a more significant influence. For a brief period, two forces balanced and "the expansion of the Universe coasted along at a steady rate, like a car in cruise control," says Riess.

More on this in the next installment….happy reading!

Near Godhead Status

By 2010, scientists say they will unlock the secrets of the boson. By this, they mean that they will have adequate knowledge on the composition of dark matter. And if they know more on dark matter, they will also be able to discover the secrets of dark energy, the unknown force which makes the universe as it is.

What's their real reason? Well, by this, man would be able to harness the power of the universe. If scientists can create matter through light or they can create "dark energy" in their laboratories, then, they are actually creating energies which could give humankind innumerable benefits. Discovering a clean type of energy through discovering the secrets of what makes the universe or universes will definitely help human civilization ascend to the "galactic age" so to speak.

This is okey. The question is---are we up for this?

Multiverses

Paul Dirac, a British physicist, formulated the Dirac equation which led to the discovery of anti-matter. Credited for having founded a field in quantum physics, Dirac's discoveries led to some conclusions about particles having alternate characteristics.

My fascination with this concept of anti-matter and multiverses, popular topics in quantum physics (or quantum cosmology), stems from just one question---where was God when He created time and space? Genesis 1:1-3 says that God was there when the earth and the heavens were still "without form or void". There was water already, but this water could not have been the concept of water we know of, but of a totally different kind. What's important is that there are already created things existing before God created the earth and the heavens. Similarly, if you study closely, you'll find that the concepts of "light", "earth", "water" and "heaven" were already pre-existent before the creation of time. These concepts need space. So, there's a possibility that God existed and occupied a particular space prior to creation of time. But, where is this space? Is it in the known universe? Where did the Ancients say God was before He created time? In one of the passages in, I think, the Book of Chronicles, we find that the earth or the universe itself cannot contain "God". So, God, by Himself, is larger than the known universe. If He is, then, He must occupy a space bigger than the known universe. Does the bible have an adequate explanation? And are these explanations scientifically supportable suppositions?

I found that the bible do point to a habitable place for God, signifying that despite being a spirit or force, God still has His own "space". Where is this space? And if God do have or occupy space, then, He is a Being, a definitive one. Or did the Ancients describe God not in what we think He is but in a description beyond scientific explanation? Do God have an anthromorphic character? Or the concept itself of a God is not the dominant concept existing in the known universe.

And if God did, indeed, exist and created Himself, then, should He follow the laws existing in the ones He created or is He being ruled by His own laws dissimilar with ours? If He is being ruled by the laws which He created, then, by discovering these laws, can we safely say, we can become like Him? If we can, then, could it be possible for humans to be gods themselves? So, the God principle is actually knowledge based instead of mystical-based?

What an impact a rock makes?

I just recently had an epiphany. I recalled I wrote a book, " The Holy Way Towards the City of the Lord" and it analyzed what the Bible says about the creation of the universe as well as predicted its end. I researched for 3-4 months and came up with very interesting stuff about the catalysmic end.

One of the most interesting biblical entries is the prediction about the arrival of an asteroid named "Wormwood". This wormwood is predicted to come and impact greatly on human civilization. I quote a biblical passage on wormwood:

"The third angel sounded his trumpet,
and a great star, blazing like a torch,
fell from the sky on a third of the rivers
and on the springs of water
- the name of the star is Wormwood."
Revelation 8:10-11

What's a wormwood?

Wikipedia describes wormwood as Artemisia absinthium (Absinthium, Absinthe Wormwood, Wormwood or Grand Wormwood)

is a herbaceous perennial plant, with a hard, woody rhizome. The stems are straight, growing to 0.8-1.2 m (rarely 1.5 m) tall, grooved, branched, and silvery-green. The leaves are spirally arranged, greenish-grey above and white below, covered with silky silvery-white hairs, and bearing minute oil-producing glands; the basal leaves are up to 25 cm long, bipinnate to tripinnate with long petioles, with the cauline leaves (those on the stem) smaller, 5-10 cm long, less divided, and with short petioles; the uppermost leaves can be both simple and sessile (without a petiole). Its flowers are pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in spherical bent-down heads (capitula), which are in turn clustered in leafy and branched panicles. Flowering is from early summer to early autumn; pollination is anemophilous. The fruit is a small achene; seed dispersal is by gravity.


See the description of a wormwood? Biblical writers used the name wormwood because of the appearance of the plant signifying a comet. Here's a probable picture of wormwood:

Now, what would be the effects of such an impact? Here's a scientific estimation:

Impact Effects

Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh, and Gareth Collins

Please note: the results below are estimates based on current (limited) understanding of the impact process and come with large uncertainties; they should be used with caution, particularly in the case of peculiar input parameters. All values are given to three significant figures but this does not reflect the precision of the estimate. For more information about the uncertainty associated with our calculations and a full discussion of this program, please refer to this article

Your Inputs:

Distance from Impact: 16.10 km = 10.00 miles

Projectile Diameter: 96560.40 m = 316718.11 ft = 59.96 miles

Projectile Density: 1000 kg/m³

Impact Velocity: 51.00 km/s = 31.67 miles/s

Impact Angle: 45 degrees

Target Density: 2500 kg/m³

Target Type: Sedimentary Rock

Energy:

Energy before atmospheric entry: 6.13 x 10²⁶ Joules = 1.46 x 10¹¹ MegaTons TNT

The average interval between impacts of this size is longer than the Earth's age.

Such impacts could only occur during the accumulation of the Earth, between 4.5 and 4 billion years ago.

Major Global Changes:

The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.

The impact does not make a noticeable change in the Earth's rotation period or the tilt of its axis.

The impact does not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.

Crater Dimensions:

What does this mean?

Transient Crater Diameter: 420 km = 261 miles

Transient Crater Depth: 149 km = 92.3 miles

Final Crater Diameter: 927 km = 576 miles

Final Crater Depth: 2.31 km = 1.44 miles

The crater formed is a complex crater.

The volume of the target melted or vaporized is 3.86e+06 km³ = 925000 miles³

Roughly half the melt remains in the crater , where its average thickness is 27.8 km = 17.3 miles

Ejecta:

What does this mean?

Your position was inside the transient crater and ejected upon impact

If you believe this impact assessment, wormwood will not be the cause of humankind's end. It will only lead into it. So, what would cause the Apocalpse?